(((((--------Sam Bahadur New Hindi Movie---------)))))
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
World War II
Burma campaign
Indo-Pakistan War of 1947
Sino-Indian War
Indo-Pakistan War of 1965
Nathu La and Cho La clashes
Indo-Pakistan War of 1971
Awards
Padma Vibhushan
Padma Bhushan
Military Cross
Order of Tri Shakti Patta First Class
Service number
IC-14
Manekshaw joined the first intake of the Indian Military Academy, Dehradun, in 1932. He was commissioned into the 4th Battalion, 12th Frontier Force Regiment. In World War II, he was awarded the Military Cross for gallantry. Following the partition of India in 1947, he was reassigned to the 8th Gorkha Rifles. Manekshaw was seconded to a planning role during the 1947 Indo-Pakistani War and the Hyderabad crisis, and as a result, he never commanded an infantry battalion. He was promoted to the rank of brigadier while serving at the Military Operations Directorate. He became the commander of 167 Infantry Brigade in 1952 and served in this position until 1954 when he took over as the director of military training at Army Headquarters.
After completing the higher command course at the Imperial Defence College, he was appointed the general officer commanding of the 26th Infantry Division. He also served as the commandant of the Defence Services Staff College. In 1963, Manekshaw was promoted to the position of army commander and took over Western Command, transferring in 1964 to Eastern Command.
Manekshaw became the seventh chief of army staff in 1969. Under his command, Indian forces conducted victorious campaigns against Pakistan in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, which led to the creation of Bangladesh in December 1971. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan and the Padma Bhushan, the second and third highest civilian awards of India, respectively.
Education
edit
Sam's early ambition was to study medicine and become a doctor like his father.[10] He completed his primary schooling in Punjab, and then joined Sherwood College, Nainital. In 1929, he graduated from the college at the age of 15 with his Junior Cambridge Certificate, a junior high school curriculum developed by Cambridge International Examinations.[12] In 1931, he passed his Senior Cambridge (senior high school) examinations with distinction. Sam then asked his father to send him to London to study medicine, but his father refused as Sam was not old enough. His father was already supporting Sam's elder brothers, who were studying engineering in London.[13][14] Sam instead enrolled at the Hindu Sabha College (now the Hindu College, Amritsar). In April 1932, Sam sat for his final exams held by the University of the Punjab, passing with a third division in science.[13]
A formal notification for the entrance examination to enrol in the newly established Indian Military Academy (IMA) was issued in the early months of 1932. Examinations were scheduled for June or July.[15] In an act of rebellion against his father's refusal to send him to London, Sam applied for a place and sat for the entrance exams in Delhi. On 1 October 1932, he was one of the fifteen cadets to be selected through an open competition.[c] Sam placed sixth in the order of merit.[15][16]
Indian Military Academy
edit
Manekshaw was selected as part of the first batch of cadets. Called "The Pioneers", his class also produced Smith Dun and Muhammad Musa Khan, the future commanders-in-chief of Burma and Pakistan, respectively. Although the academy was inaugurated on 10 December 1932, the cadets' military training commenced on 1 October 1932.[15] As an IMA cadet, Manekshaw went on to achieve a number of firsts: the first to serve as the chief of the army staff of India; and the first to attain the rank of field marshal.[15] The commandant of the Academy during this period was Brigadier Lionel Peter Collins. Manekshaw was almost suspended from the Academy when he went to Mussoorie for a holiday with Maharaja Kumar Jit Singh of Kapurthala and Haji Iftikhar Ahmed, and did not return in time for the morning drills.[17]
Of the 40 cadets inducted, only 22 completed the course. They were commissioned as second lieutenants on 1 February 1935 with antedated seniority from 4 February 1934.[18] Some of his other batch mates were Dewan Ranjit Rai; Mohan Singh, the founder of the Indian National Army; Melville de Mellow, a famous radio presenter; and two generals of the Pakistani Army, Mirza Hamid Hussain and Habibullah Khan Khattak. Many of Manekshaw's batchmates were captured by Japan during World War II and would fight in the Indian National Army.[19] Tikka Khan, who would later join the Pakistani Army during the Partition, was a junior by five years and also Manekshaw's boxing rival.
Early life and family
edit
Sam Manekshaw was born on 3 April 1914 in Amritsar, Punjab, to Hormizd[b] Manekshaw (1871–1964), who was a doctor, and Hilla, née Mehta (1885–1970).[5] Both of his parents were Parsis who had moved to Amritsar from the city of Valsad in the coastal Gujarat region.[6][7][8] Sam's parents had left Mumbai in 1903 for Lahore, where Hormizd was going to start practising medicine. However, when their train halted at Amritsar station, Hilla found it impossible to travel any further due to her advanced pregnancy. The station master advised that in her condition, Hilla should not continue her journey.[9]
After Hilla had recovered, the couple decided to stay in Amritsar, where Hormizd soon established a clinic and pharmacy. The couple had four sons (Fali, Jan, Sam and Jami) and two daughters (Cilla and Sheru). Sam was their fifth child and third son.[10]
During the Second World War, Hormizd Manekshaw served in the British Indian Army as a captain in the Indian Medical Service (now the Army Medical Corps).[9][10] Sam's two elder brothers Fali and Jan became engineers, while his sisters Cilla and Sheru became teachers. Both Sam and his younger brother Jami served in the Indian Armed Forces. Jami became a doctor like his father and served in the Royal Indian Air Force as a medical officer. Jami was the first Indian to be awarded air surgeon's wings from Naval Air Station Pensacola in the United States. Jami joined his elder brother in becoming a flag officer, and retired as an air vice marshal in the Indian Air Force.
0 Comments