Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel  31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), commonly known as Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel,[a] was an Indian independence nationalist and barrister who served as the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India from 1947 to 1950. He was a senior leader of the Indian National Congress, who played a significant role in the country's struggle for independence and its political integration.[1] In India and elsewhere, he was often called Sardar, meaning "Chief" in Hindi, Urdu, Bengali and Persian. He acted as the Home Minister during the political integration of India and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947

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Sardar Patel in 1949
1st Deputy Prime Minister of India
In office
15 August 1947 – 15 December 1950
President
Rajendra Prasad
Governors General
Louis Mountbatten
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru
Preceded by
Position established
Succeeded by
Morarji Desai
1st Minister of Home Affairs
In office
15 August 1947 – 15 December 1950
President
Rajendra Prasad
Governors General
Louis Mountbatten
C. Rajagopalachari
Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru
Preceded by
Position established
Succeeded by
C. Rajagopalachari
Personal details
Born
Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel
31 October 1875
Nadiad, Bombay Presidency, British India
Died
15 December 1950 (aged 75)
Bombay, Bombay State, India
Political party
Indian National Congress
Spouse
Jhaverben Patel

(m. 1893; died 1909)
Children
ManibenDahyabhai
Relatives
Vithalbhai Patel (brother)
Alma mater
Middle Temple
Profession
Barristeractivistfreedom fighter
Awards
Bharat Ratna (posthumous, 1991Sardar Patel in 1949
1st Deputy Prime Minister of India
In office
15 August 1947 – 15 December 1950
President
Rajendra Prasad
Governors General
Louis Mountbatten
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru
Preceded by
Position established
Succeeded by
Morarji Desai
1st Minister of Home Affairs
In office
15 August 1947 – 15 December 1950
President
Rajendra Prasad
Governors General
Louis Mountbatten
C. Rajagopalachari
Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru
Preceded by
Position established
Succeeded by
C. Rajagopalachari
Personal details
Born
Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel
31 October 1875
Nadiad, Bombay Presidency, British India
Died
15 December 1950 (aged 75)
Bombay, Bombay State, India
Political party
Indian National Congress
Spouse
Jhaverben Patel

(m. 1893; died 1909)
Children
ManibenDahyabhai
Relatives
Vithalbhai Patel (brother)
Alma mater
Middle Temple
Profession
Barristeractivistfreedom fighter
Awards
Bharat Ratna posthumous, 1991

follow his younger brother. In keeping with concerns for his family's honour, Patel allowed Vithalbhai to go in his place.[17]

In 1909 Patel's wife Jhaverba was hospitalised in Bombay (present-day Mumbai) to undergo major surgery for cancer. Her health suddenly worsened and, despite successful emergency surgery, she died in the hospital. Patel was given a note informing him of his wife's demise as he was cross-examining a witness in court. According to witnesses, Patel read the note, pocketed it, and continued his cross-examination and won the case. He broke the news to others only after the proceedings had ended.[18] Patel decided against marrying again. He raised his children with the help of his family and sent them to English-language schools in Bombay. At the age of 36, he journeyed to England and enrolled at the Middle Temple in London. Completing a 36-month course in 30 months, Patel finished at the top of his class despite having had no previous college background.[19]

Returning to India, Patel settled in Ahmedabad and became one of the city's most successful barristers. Wearing European-style clothes and sporting urbane mannerisms, he became a skilled bridge player. Patel nurtured ambitions to expand his practice and accumulate great wealth and to provide his children with modern education. He had made a pact with his brother Vithalbhai to support his entry into politics in the Bombay Presidency, while Patel remained in Ahmedabad to provide for the family.
Patel was born in Nadiad, Kheda district and raised in the countryside of the state of Gujarat.[3] He was a successful lawyer. One of Mahatma Gandhi's earliest political lieutenants, he organised peasants from Kheda, Borsad and Bardoli in Gujarat in non-violent civil disobedience against the British Raj, becoming one of the most influential leaders in Gujarat. He was appointed as the 49th President of Indian National Congress. Under the chairmanship of Patel "Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy" resolution was passed by the Congress. Patel's position at the highest level in the Congress was largely connected with his role from 1934 onwards (when the Congress abandoned its boycott of elections) in the party organisation. Based at an apartment in Bombay, he became the Congress's main fundraiser and chairman of its Central Parliamentary Board, playing the leading role in selecting and financing candidates for the 1934 elections to the Central Legislative Assembly in New Delhi and for the provincial elections of 1936.[4] While promoting the Quit India Movement. Patel made a climactic speech to more than 100,000 people gathered at Gowalia Tank in Bombay on 7 August 1942. Historians believe that Patel's speech was instrumental in electrifying nationalists, who up to then had been sceptical of the proposed rebellion. Patel's organising work in this period is credited by historians with ensuring the success of the rebellion across India.[5]

As the first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India, Patel organised relief efforts for partition refugees fleeing to Punjab and Delhi from Pakistan and worked to restore peace. Besides those provinces that had been under direct British rule, approximately 565 self-governing princely states had been released from British suzerainty by the Indian Independence Act of 1947. Patel, together with Nehru and Menon persuaded almost every princely state to accede to India.[6]

Patel's commitment to national integration in the newly independent country earned him the sobriquet "Iron Man of India".[7] He is also remembered as the "patron saint of India's civil servants" for playing a pioneering role in establishing the modern All India Services system. The Statue of Unity, the world's tallest statue which was erected by the Indian government at a cost of US$420 million, was dedicated to him on 31 October 2018 and is approximately 182 metres (597 ft) in height